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MODAL AUXILIARIES
Modal auxiliaries adalah kata kerja bantu yang digunakan dengan kata kerja utama untuk mengekspresikan nuansa waktu dan suasana hati.
Ø Ability / Availability
Future : will be able to
Present : can, (tobe) able to
Past : could, was/were able to
Ø Request And Commands
Can
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Could
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Will
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Would
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Ø Permission
Future : will be allowed to
Present/future : may, can could, (tobe) allowed to
Past : could, was/were allowed to
.:: Asking for permission
+ May I ____ ?
+ Could I ____?
+ Can I ____?
+ Is it ok if I ____?
+ Do you allow me to ____?
+ Do you mind if I ____?
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.:: Giving permission
+ Yes, please!
+ Yes, go a head!
+ It’s OK / No problem / It’s all right!
+ Not at all ( for answering,” Do you mind if I ____?”)
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Ø Possibility and Impossibility
.:: Possibility
+ Present/future : may, might, could
+ Past : may have, might have, could have
+ Perhaps / Maybe / It’s likely that
+ It’s possible / Probable that __
+ There’s possibility that / There’s a good chance __
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.:: Impossibility
+ Present/future : couldn’t, can’t
+ Past : couldn’t have
+ There’s no chance that __
+ There’s very little chance __
+ Impossible! / No chance
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Ø Advisability or suggestion
Present/future : should, ought to, had better
Past : should have, ought to have, had better have
Ø Necessity
Future : will have to
Present/future : must, have to, has to
Past : had to
Ø Lack of Necessity
Future : won’t have to
Present/future : don’t have to, doesn’t have to
Past : didn’t have to
Ø Prohibitation
Present/future : must not, may not, cannot
Past : could not
Ø Logical Deduction (Probability)
Present : must, have to, has to
Past : must have, have to have, has to have
Modals secara umum dirumuskan dengan [Modal + V1]
Sedangkan untuk past event dirumuskan dengan
Should (seharusnya)
Must (kesimpulan,past)
Could (kemampuan,tidak dilakukan)
Might (kemungkinan,past)
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Have /
Has
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V3
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~ You should have practiced regularly
~ Your shirt must have ironed well
~ She could has married a prince
~ That Afro guy might has been a music director
Beberapa ungkapan lainnya :
Ø Greeting and leaving takings
+ Good morning / afternoon ... etc
+ Hi, hello!
+ How are you today ?
|
+ How’s life
+ Goodbye / see you.
+ Fine, well, etc
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Ø Introduction
.:: self introduction
+ I’d like to intorduce myself
+ Let me introduce myself
+ Allow me to introduce myself
+ My name is ___
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.:: introducing someone to others
+ This is Mr.Smith, our new manager
+ I want you to meet Will, a new neighbor
+ I’d like to introduce my fellow, Lola.
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Ø Thanking / Gratitude
+ Thankyou (very much)
+ Many thanks, thanks a lot
+ I’m very grateful to you
+ Special thanks goes to __
Ø Apology
.:: Asking for apology
+ I’m ( really/terribly/awful ) sorry
+ Please forgive me
+ Sorry for ___
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.:: Answering Apology
+ Never mind / No problem
+ It’s OK / It’s doesn’t matter
+ Forget it
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Ø Sympaty
+ I’m sorry/afraid to hear that.
+ Oh poor you / What a pity
+ That’s too bad / That’s bad luck
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+ Please accept my heartfelt condolences
+ You have my deepest sympathy at this difficult time
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Ø Invitation
.:: How to invite
+ Would you like to come to __ ?
+ Would you mind come to __ ?
+ I wonder if you could come to __?
+ Do you fancy coming to __?
+ Do you like coming to __?
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.:: How to Accept invitation
+ it sounds nice/interesting
+ I’d love to
+ That’s great!
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.:: How to refuse invitation politely
+ It’s sound nice/interesting, but ___
+ I’d love to but I’m affraid I can;t ___
+ Thanks for the invitation but I’m affraid I can’t because ___
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Ø Opinion
+ What do you think of __?
+ What’s your opinion about __?
+ In my opinion ___
+ I think __/ I Guess __ / I think so!
Ø Agreement and Disagreement
.:: Agreement
+ I agree / I’m with you
+ That’s alright
+ It’s a good idea
+ I don’t have any objection
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.:: Disagreement
+ I don’t agree with you
+ I have diffrent opinion
+ I have objection to __
+ Objection!
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