CONJUNCTION

Masih dengan mata segaris —.— tapi yang baca postingan ami jangan merem yak..
Bacaan kali ini tentang "conjunction", kalo bahasa kita bilangnya kata sambung atau kata hubung..
Yang bisa ami bagi tentang Conjunction seperti ini niih ............

CONJUNCTION

Conjunction adalah kata hubung atau kata sambung. Suatu Conjunction dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan antara dua atau beberapa hal  .

1.     Coordinating Conjunction

.:: Untuk menggabungkan / mensejajarkan

+ and                                    : dan

+ as well as                        : dan juga / maupun

+ besides                            : selain itu

+ both __ and __            : keduanya __ dan __

+ moreover                        : lebih-lebih / lagi pula

+ likewise                            : seperti halnya

+ furthermore                 : lebih lagi

.:: Untuk menggabungkan dengan menunjukkan pertentangan

+ but                                                    : tetapi

+ not only __ but also __           : tidak hanya __ tapi juga __

+ despite / inspite of                    : meskipun / walaupun

+ however                                           : namun begitu

+ eventhough / although           : walaupun
+ nevertheless                                : walau begitu

+ where as                                         : sedangkan / padahal

+ yet                                                     : tetapi / walaupun begitu

+ on the other hand                     : namun begitu / dilain pihak

  

Note : Perbedaan antara eventhough dan although : è eventhough untuk kondisi (-) hasil (+)       Eventhough Judy hadn’t worked, she promoted to be General Manager. èalthough untuk kondisi (+) hasil (-)       Although Judy had worked overtime, she didn’t get enough money for buy lunch.

.:: Untuk menggabungkan dengan menunjukkan adanya makna pilihan

+ or                                        : atau

+ either __ or __             : baik __ maupun __

+  or else                             : atau bahkan __ / apalagi
+ otherwise                       : jika tidak
+ neither __ nor __        : baik __ maupun __ tidak

2.     Subordianting Conjunction

.:: Menunjukkan waktu

+ after                 : setelah

+ before              : sebelum

+ when                 : saat mana / ketika / apabila

+ during               : selama (diikuti noun phrase yg menunjukkan waktu)

+ as                       : pada saat

+ until                  : hingga

+ as soon as     : segera sesudah

+ as long as       : sepanjang / selama

+ since                 : hingga pada saat, menjelang

+ the first time: pertama kali

+ while                  : sambil / sembari

.:: Menunjukkan Tempat

+ where                : dimana
+ in which            : dimana

+ wherever         : dimana saja, kemana saja

.:: Menunjukkan Tujuan

+ far                                      : untuk, dalam rangka

+ so that                           : sehingga

+ in order that                                : agar/ supaya

+ in the effort of            : dalam rangka

+ in the hope that         : dengan harapan bahwa

.:: Menunjukkan alasan (reason), sebab akibat (cause & effect)

+ because = since = as = for     : karena

+ because of = due to                  : karena (tapi diikuti noun phrase)

+ due to the fact that                               : dikarenakan kenyataan bahwa

+ such __ that __                          : begitu __ sehingga __

+ so __ that __                               : begitu __ sehingga __

+ in as much as                               : dikarenakan oleh

+ now that                                        : diakrenakan sekarang

Note : Perbedaan antara because dan because of : èBecause, although, eventhough + Clause (S+V)       Because I came late, English Teacher got mad on me èBecause of, due to, inspite of/despite + Noun       Because of the weather, we didn’t go to your house last night

.:: Menunjukkan konsekuensi (consequence)

+ consequently               : akibatnya

+ accordingly                    : dengan alasan tersebut

+ so                                       : sehingga, maka

+ as a result                     : akibatnya

+ therefore                       : oleh karenanya

+ thus                                  : dengan begitu

+ then                                  : lalu, kemudian

.:: Menunjukkan syarat (Condition)

+ if                         : jika, andaikan + only if               : andaikan saja + otherwise      : jika tidak + or else              : jika tidak + as if/ as though : seolah-olah +when                  : apabila, jika saja

+ even if            : bahkan jika + wishing that              : dengan berharap bahwa + in  case that              : kalau-kalau + provided that : kalau saja +unless / if __not : jika __ tidak

Ditunggu komentarnya, kalo ada tambahan ato kesalahan dalam penulisan.. ^^
Semoga bermanfaat..

PREFERENCE

Mata uda lengket,, koneksi mulai lemot,, tp pengen ng-post-in ini..
dibaca yaa..
Masih g yakin sama penulisannya, kalo ad masukan ttg kesalahan, kirim kripik dan sambalnya (kritik dan saran,maksudnya) lewat comment ^^

PREFERENCE

Preference adalah ungkapan pilihan akan dua hal, lebih suka terhadap satu hal dibandingkan hal lain.

Would rather Prefer(s) Like(s) Would prefer

V1 / be Ving / noun Ving / noun To V1

than to better than / than rather than

V1 / be Ving / noun Ving / noun V1

Xamples :

1.     I Like cycling better than walking

2.     I prefer cycling to walking

3.     I’d rather study than sight seeing

4.     I’d prefer to study better than sight seeing

5.     I’d rather have monolingual than bilingual one

Comparative adalah membandingkan satu hal dengan hal lain, dimana ada satu yang mempunyai nilai lebih.

Ø  Untuk nilai comparative (Lebih)

____er  untuk satu suku kata

More ___ untuk kata lebih dari 2 suku

Ø  Untuk nilai Superlatif (Ter/Paling)

____est untuk satu suku kata

The most ___ untuk kata lebih dari 2 suku

Contohnya :

Possitive	Comparative	Superlatif
Full Fresh Cheap Long Dangerous Beautiful Diligent Practical	Fuller Fresher Cheaper Longer More dangerous More beautiful More diligent More practical	Fullest Freshest Cheapest Longest Most Dangerous Most beautiful Most diligent Most practical

Contoh diatas adalah bentuk regular, sedangkan bentuk irregular-nya sbb :

Possitive	Comparative	Superlatif
Good Bad Far Little	Better Worse Further Less	Best Worst Furthest Least

Xamples :

1.     My house is bigger than Mia’s house

2.     I got the best score in Mathematics Test yesterday

3.     She wears the most expensive tiara

4.     Her hair is longer than mine

5.     I wathed the silliest gag show last night

Terima Kasih sudah menyimak ^^

_aMie_

MODAL AUXILIARIES

Coret2 dikit yah,, kali ini tentang Modals..

Lebih jelasnya lagi, baca langsung tulisan berikut..... ^^

Happy Reading..

MODAL AUXILIARIES

Modal auxiliaries adalah kata kerja bantu yang digunakan dengan kata kerja utama untuk mengekspresikan nuansa waktu dan suasana hati.

Ø  Ability / Availability

Future        : will be able to

Present     : can, (tobe) able to

Past            : could, was/were able to

Ø  Request And Commands

Can	Could
Will	Would

Ø  Permission

Future                        : will be allowed to

Present/future     : may, can could, (tobe) allowed to

Past                            : could, was/were allowed to

.:: Asking for permission + May I ____ ? + Could I ____? + Can I ____? + Is it ok if I ____? + Do you allow me to ____? + Do you mind if I ____?

.:: Giving permission + Yes, please! + Yes, go a head! + It’s OK / No problem / It’s all right! + Not at all ( for answering,” Do you mind if I ____?”)

Ø  Possibility and Impossibility

.:: Possibility + Present/future : may, might, could + Past                 : may have, might have, could have + Perhaps / Maybe / It’s likely that + It’s possible / Probable that __ + There’s possibility that / There’s a good chance __

.:: Impossibility + Present/future : couldn’t, can’t + Past                : couldn’t have + There’s no chance that __ + There’s very little chance __ + Impossible! / No chance

Ø  Advisability or suggestion

Present/future     : should, ought to, had better

Past                            : should have, ought to have, had better have

Ø  Necessity

Future                        : will have to

Present/future     : must, have to, has to

Past                             : had to

Ø  Lack of Necessity

Future                        : won’t have to

Present/future     : don’t have to, doesn’t have to

Past                            : didn’t have to

Ø  Prohibitation

Present/future     : must not, may not, cannot

Past                            : could not

Ø  Logical Deduction (Probability)

Present     : must, have to, has to

Past            : must have, have to have, has to have

Modals secara umum dirumuskan dengan [Modal + V₁]

Sedangkan untuk past event dirumuskan dengan

Should (seharusnya) Must    (kesimpulan,past) Could    (kemampuan,tidak dilakukan) Might   (kemungkinan,past)

Have / Has

V3

~ You should have practiced regularly

~ Your shirt must have ironed well

~ She could has married a prince

~ That Afro guy might has been a music director

Beberapa ungkapan lainnya :

Ø  Greeting and leaving takings

+ Good morning / afternoon ... etc + Hi, hello! + How are you today ?

+ How’s life + Goodbye / see you. + Fine, well, etc

Ø  Introduction

.:: self introduction + I’d like to intorduce myself + Let me introduce myself + Allow me to introduce myself + My name is ___

.:: introducing someone to others + This is Mr.Smith, our new manager + I want you to meet Will, a new neighbor + I’d like to introduce my fellow, Lola.

Ø  Thanking / Gratitude

+ Thankyou (very much)

+ Many thanks, thanks a lot

+ I’m very grateful to you

+ Special thanks goes to __

Ø  Apology

.:: Asking for apology + I’m ( really/terribly/awful ) sorry + Please forgive me + Sorry for ___

.:: Answering Apology + Never mind / No problem + It’s OK / It’s doesn’t matter + Forget it

Ø  Sympaty

+ I’m sorry/afraid to hear that. + Oh poor you / What a pity + That’s too bad / That’s bad luck

+ Please accept my heartfelt condolences + You have my deepest sympathy at this difficult time

Ø  Invitation

.:: How to invite + Would you like to come to __ ? + Would you mind come to __ ? + I wonder if you could come to __? + Do you fancy coming to __? + Do you like coming to __?	.:: How to Accept invitation + it sounds nice/interesting + I’d love to + That’s great!
.:: How to refuse invitation politely + It’s sound nice/interesting, but ___ + I’d love to but I’m affraid I can;t ___ + Thanks for the invitation but I’m affraid  I can’t because  ___

Ø  Opinion

+ What do you think of __?

+ What’s your opinion about __?

+ In my opinion ___

+ I think __/ I Guess __ / I think so!

  

Ø  Agreement and Disagreement

.:: Agreement + I agree / I’m with you + That’s alright + It’s a good idea + I don’t have any objection

.:: Disagreement + I don’t agree with you + I have diffrent opinion + I have objection to __ + Objection!